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TERMS OF THE ANIMAL TO BE SLAUGHTERED
The animal is still alive when slaughtering, not in carcasses (dead). Allah Ta'ala said,
إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ
"Indeed, Allah has only forbidden you carcass." QS. Al-Baqarah: 173)
TERMS OF THE PERSON TO BE SLAUGHTERING
First: Resourceful, both male and female, have been puberty or not yet puberty as long as already tamyiz. So from here, no legitimate slaughtering is done by crazy people and small children who have not tamyiz. Likewise, people who are drunk, the slaughter is also invalid.
Second: The slaughter is a Muslim or a member of the book (Jew or Christian). Therefore, it is not lawful for the slaughter of Idolaters and Magi as this has been agreed upon by the scholars. Because other than Muslims and the book members do not purely pronounce the name of God when slaughtering.
While the book is still hinded by their slaughter because Allaah said,
وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ
"The food (sacrifices) of the books (the Jews and the Christians) are lawful to you, and your food is lawful for them." QS. Al Ma-Idah: 5). The meaning of the food alhadith here is their slaughter, as said by Ibn ' Abbas, Abu Umamah, Mujahid, Sa'id bin Jubair, ' Ikrimah, ' Atho ', Al Hasan al Bashri, Makhul, Ibrahim An nakho'i, As Sudi, and Maqotil bin Hayyan. 2
But to be aware of here, the sacrifices of Ahul books can be halal for the reason that they do not mention names other than Allah. If it is known they call a name other than Allah when slaughtering, such as they slaughtered in the name of Isa Al Masih, ' Udzair or idols, then at this time their sacrifices become not lawful by the word of Allah Ta'ala,
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ
"Be forbidden unto you (eating) carcasses, blood, pork, (animal flesh) slain in behalf of Allah." QS. Al-Ma-Idah: 3)
Third: Mentioning the name of God when slaughtering. If it is not deliberately called the name of Allah – when it is not dumb and able to pronounce it, the result of slaughter should not be eaten in the opinion of the majority of scholars. As for those who forget to call it or in a state of mute, the results of its slaughter can be eaten. Allah Ta'ala said,
وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَفِسْقٌ
"And do not eat the beasts which are not called the name of God, when they slaughter them. Indeed, such deeds are ungodliness. " QS. Al An'am: 121)
Likewise, it is based on the hadeeth of Rofi ' ibn Khodij, the Prophet Allaah ' alaihi wa Sallam said,
مَا أَنْهَرَ الدَّمَ وَذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ ، فَكُلُوهُ
"Everything that can drain blood and be called the name of God when it is slaughtering it, please eat." 3
This is what is required by the majority of scholars in the slaughtering of animals there must be tasmids (mention of the name of Allah or Baseven). Imam al-Shaafa'i and one of Imam Ahmad said that the law of Tasmid is Sunnah (recommended). They reasoned with the hadeeth of ' Aisyah ibn ' Anha,
أَنَّ قَوْمًا قَالُوا لِلنَّبِىِّ – صلى الله عليه وسلم – إِنَّ قَوْمًا يَأْتُونَا بِاللَّحْمِ لاَ نَدْرِى أَذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَمْ لاَ فَقَالَ
« سَمُّوا عَلَيْهِ أَنْتُمْ وَكُلُوهُ » . قَالَتْ وَكَانُوا حَدِيثِى عَهْدٍ بِالْكُفْرِ .
There is a people who say to the Prophet Allaah ' alaihi wa sallam, ' There is a group of men who come to us with the sacrifices. We do not know if it is called the name of Allah or not. The Prophet ' alaihi wa Sallam said, "You should call the name of Allah and eat the flesh." ' Aisha said that they had just entered Islam. 4
But the opinion of the majority of scholars who are obliged to Tasmiyah (Baseven) that is more powerful and more cautious. While the evidence mentioned by Imam al-Shaafa'i is for slaughter which is still doubtful called the name of Allah or not. So for this kind of slaughter, before being eaten, should be called the name of God first.
Fourth: Not slaughtered on behalf other than Allah. The meaning here is to glorify other than Allah either by harming the voice or not. Thus the sacrifices are forbidden by the Scholars ' agreement. The evidence is the word of God Ta'ala,
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ
"Be forbidden unto you (eating) carcasses, blood, pork, (animal flesh) slain in behalf of Allah." QS. Al-Ma-Idah: 3)
TOOL TERMS TO SLAUGHTER
There are two conditions that must be met:
First: Use a cutting tool, either from iron or otherwise, either sharp or blunt as long as it can cut. Because the intent of slaughtering is the cutting of the neck veins, esophagus, respiratory tract and blood duct.
Second: Not using bones and nails. The evidence is the hadeeth of Rofi ' ibn Khodij,
مَا أَنْهَرَ الدَّمَ وَذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ ، فَكُلُوهُ ، لَيْسَ السِّنَّ وَالظُّفُرَ ، وَسَأُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، أَمَّا السِّنُّ فَعَظْمٌ وَأَمَّا الظُّفُرُ فَمُدَى الْحَبَشَةِ
"Everything that drains the blood and is called the name of God when he slaughtering it, you eat, as long as it is used is not teeth and nails. I will tell you you why it is forbidden. As for the teeth, he included bones. While the nails are the slaughtering of the inhabitants of Habasyah (now called Ethiopia). " 5
ADAB IN ANIMAL SLAUGHTERING
First: Commit Ihsan (do good to Animals)
From Syadad bin Aus, the messenger of Allaah ' alaihi wa Sallam said,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ الإِحْسَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ فَإِذَا قَتَلْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الْقِتْلَةَ وَإِذَا ذَبَحْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الذَّبْحَ وَلْيُحِدَّ أَحَدُكُمْ شَفْرَتَهُ فَلْيُرِحْ ذَبِيحَتَهُ
"Indeed, God commanded to do good to all things. If you are about to kill, then slay in a good way. If you want to slaughter, then slaughter in a good way. Should you sharpen the knife and eat the animals to be slaughtered. " 6
Among the forms of doing ihsan is not to reveal knives or sharpening knives in the presence of animals to be slaughtered. From Ibn ' Abbas Radhiyallaahu ' Anhuma, he said,
أَتُرِيْدُ أَنْ تَمِيْتَهَا مَوْتَات هَلاَ حَدَدْتَ شَفْرَتَكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَضْجَعَهَا
"Rasulullah Shallallaahu ' alaihi wa sallam observed someone who put his foot on the cheek (side) of the goat in the state he honed his knife, while the goat looked at him. So the Prophet said, "Are you before you want to turn it off by several deaths?! Let me have it before you laid it. " 7
Second: Lay the animal on the left side, holding the knife with the right hand and holding the animal's head while slaughtering
The animal was laid down including the best treatment in animals and was agreed upon by the scholars. It is based on the Hadith ' Aisyah,
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَمَرَ بِكَبْشٍ أَقْرَنَ يَطَأُ فِى سَوَادٍ وَيَبْرُكُ فِى سَوَادٍ وَيَنْظُرُ فِى سَوَادٍ فَأُتِىَ بِهِ لِيُضَحِّىَ بِهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا « يَا عَائِشَةُ هَلُمِّى الْمُدْيَةَ ».ثُمَّ قَالَ « اشْحَذِيهَا بِحَجَرٍ ». فَفَعَلَتْ ثُمَّ أَخَذَهَا وَأَخَذَ الْكَبْشَ فَأَضْجَعَهُ ثُمَّ ذَبَحَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ « بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَمِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ». ثُمَّ ضَحَّى بِهِ.
"Rasulullah Shallallaahu ' alaihi wa sallam asked to be a kibasy goat. He walked and stood and took off his view in the middle of the crowd. Then he was sung a kibasy goat for him to make Qurban. He said to ' Aisha, ' "O ' Aisha, I Bring me a knife". He continued, "Asahlah the Knife with stones". ' Aisha also. Then he laid the goat, and he prepared to kill it, and said, "Bismillah. O Allah, receive this qurban from Muhammad, the family of Muhammad, and the people of Muhammad ". Then he slaughtering it. 8
An Nawawi said, "This hadith shows the prodiest of the goat lying when it will be slaughtered and can not be slaughtered in the state of a goat standing or kneeling, but the right one is in a state of lying. This is the best treatment for the goat. The hadiths also led to this. It is also based on the Scholars ' agreement. It is also based on the Scholars ' agreement and often practiced by the Muslims that the animals to be slaughtered were laid on its left side. This is easier for the person who will slaughter the knife with his right hand and hold the animal's head with his left hand. " 9
Third: Put the foot on the neck side of the animal
Anas said,
ضَحَّى النَّبِىُّ – صلى الله عليه وسلم – بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ ، فَرَأَيْتُهُ وَاضِعًا قَدَمَهُ عَلَى صِفَاحِهِمَا يُسَمِّى وَيُكَبِّرُ ، فَذَبَحَهُمَا بِيَدِهِ .
"The Prophet Shallallaahu ' alaihi wa sallam command with two white kibasy goats. I saw him stomping his feet at the base of the two goats. Then he read the bass and the takbeer, then he slaughtered them. " 10
Ibn Hajar gave the caption, "It is advisable to put foot on the right side of qurban animals. The scholars agreed that the animal was laid on its left side. Then the foot of the slaughter is placed on the right side for easy to slaughter and easily pick up the knife with the right hand. Similarly, it will be easier to hold the animal's head with the left hand. " 11
Fourth: Exposes the animal towards the Qibla
From Nafi ',
أَنَّ اِبْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ ذَبِيْحَةَ ذَبْحِهِ لِغَيْرِ القِبْلَةِ.
"Indeed ibn ' Umar did not like to eat meat slaughtered by not facing the qibla." [12] Shaykh Abu Malik explained that confronts the animal toward the Qiblah is not a condition of slaughtering. If this is a condition, God will explain it. But this is only Mustahabb (recommended). 13
Fifth and sixth: pronounce the Tasmids (Baseven) and Takbeer
When it will slaughter, you should read "Bismillaahi Wallaahu Akbar", as in the hadeeth of Anas ibn Malik above. For reading Bismillah (no need to add Ar Rahman and Ar Rahiim) Law is mandatory as explained in advance. The recitation of the Takbeer-Allahu Akbar-The scholars agree that the law of reading the Takbeer when slaughtering is sunnah and not obligatory. Then followed the reading:
Hadza minka wa Laka. " NARRATED by Abu Dawood (2795);
Hadza minka wa laka ' anni or ' an Fulan (named Shahibul Qurban).
Praying that Allah received his lord with prayer, "Allahumma minnea minni or min Fulan (named Shahibul qurban)" [14]
So some of the guidance in slaughtering animals. Hopefully useful.
Praise be to God with his favor all goodness becomes perfect.
Author: Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal
Completed in Panggang, Gunung Kidul, 3 Dzulhijah 1430 H
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[1] This article is from the discussion of Shaykh Abu Malik in Saheeh Fiqh Sunnah, 2/357-366, Al Maktabah At Taufiqiyah.
[2] Tafseer al Qur'an Al ' Azhim, Ibn Kathir, 3/40, Dar Thoyibah, second print, 1420 H.
[3] NARRATED by al-Bukhaari (2488).
[4] NARRATED by al-Bukhaari (5507).
[5] NARRATED by al-Bukhaari (2488).
[6] NARRATED by Muslim (1955).
[7] HR. Al Hakim (4/257), Al Baihaqi (9/280), ' Abdur Rozaq No. 8608. Al-Hakim said that this hadith is a saheeh hadeeth as per the requirement of Al Bukhari. The al-Dhahabi Adz in At Talkhis said that according to Bukhari requirements Ibn Hajar in At Talkhis Al-Habir (4/1493) said that this hadeeth was narrated mursal. Shaykh Al-Albaani in Saheeh At-Targhib (No. 2265) says that this hadeeth is Saheeh.
[8] NARRATED by Muslim (1967).
[9] Sharh Muslim, Yahya bin Syarf An Nawawi, 13/122, Dar Ihya ' At Turots Al ' Arobi Beirut, second printing, year 1392 H.
[10] NARRATED by al-Bukhaari (5558).
[11] Fathul Bari, Ibn Hajar Al ' Asqolaniy ash-Shaafa'i, 10/18, Darul Ma'rifah, Rise 1379 H.
[12] NARRATED by al-'abdur Razaq (8585) with a saheeh Isnaad.
[13] Saheeh Fiqh Sunnah, 2/364.
[14] The interest of our brother Ustadz Ammi Nur Baits on Fiqh Qurban is contained in muslim.or.id.
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